What Is Iodine

Iodine is an essential trace mineral that the thyroid gland uses to make thyroid hormones. These hormones help control metabolism, energy levels and normal growth and development. Because the body can't make iodine, it has to come from the diet. Seafood, dairy and eggs are natural sources, and in many countries, including Nigeria, table salt is fortified with iodine to help prevent deficiency. Iodine needs rise during pregnancy and breastfeeding, which is why it's often highlighted in women's health. It's a standard component of many multivitamin formulas.

Key Benefits

• Supports the production of thyroid hormones
• Contributes to normal thyroid function
• Supports normal energy-yielding metabolism
• Contributes to normal cognitive function
• Supports the maintenance of normal skin
• Contributes to normal functioning of the nervous system

Who Needs It

Anyone with a low intake of iodised salt, seafood or dairy, and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, whose iodine needs are higher. It's usually covered by a balanced diet and a standard multivitamin. Nigeria's long-running salt iodisation programme means most people get iodine from table salt, but pregnant and breastfeeding women still need to pay attention.

Iodine in Nigerian Foods

Nigeria has a long-running national salt iodisation programme, which has greatly reduced iodine deficiency, so iodised table salt is the main source for most households. Iodine can be lost from salt that's stored open, near heat or in damp conditions, so keep salt in a closed container. Seafood is the other key source: crayfish, stockfish, fresh and smoked fish, as well as eggs and milk. There's no need to add extra salt for iodine, since high salt intake isn't good for blood pressure.

Recommended Dosage / Form

Typically included in modest amounts in daily multivitamins. More is not better with iodine, so avoid stacking several iodine-containing products, and speak to a healthcare professional if you have a thyroid condition.

Science / Research Note

Iodine's essential role in thyroid hormone production is one of the most well-established mineral functions in nutrition science. Salt iodisation programmes worldwide, including in Nigeria, reflect its public health importance.